First, there are two ways we can use trash for energy, one that is in use today, and a potentially more effective way that is still in testing.
- First there are the Wast to Energy facilities that basically burn garbage as if it were coal. It is burned and the heat produces steam that then powers the turbines which create electricity. It is not used in many countries that still have plenty of space for landfills, such as the US, but in countries in more limited land, like the United Kingdom, these facilities are quite common. It creates less pollution than you might expect, saves space, and pollutes less than trash sitting in a landfill. The last statement is true because the trash not only leaks chemicals into the soil and our water supply, but it also emits Methane which is a more dangerous greenhouse gas than Carbon Dioxide.
- Next we have the landfill that is being tested. Bio reactors use bacteria to break down trash through either aerobic or anaerobic. Aerobic bio reactors use bacteria that require oxygen and anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen. The problem is the produces a large amount of landfill gas that is harmful to the environment. BUT WAIT, THERE'S MORE!!! Landfill gas is burnable, so we can burn it to produce more energy and limit pollution, but for some reason we are not doing that.
Fun Fact: Americans generate 226 million metric tons of trash a day, that's about 2 kilograms of trash daily.
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